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1.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(6): 1164-1175, dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1426869

ABSTRACT

El número de casos totales de la enfermedad coronavirus-2019 (Covid-19) sigue aumentando rápidamente, amenazando a miles o millones de personas con condiciones crónicas preexistentes que se ven afectados de manera desproporcionada. Hasta el 2020, el centro de recursos de coronavirus de la Universidad Johns Hopkins informó que en todo el mundo más de 180 países han sido afectados con Covid-19 con más de doce millones de casos confirmados y más de 500,000 muertes. A medida que continúa la investigación relacionada con los posibles factores de riesgo de mortalidad por Covid-19, se hace evidente que las personas con comorbilidades subyacentes, como enfermedades cardiovasculares, hipertensión, diabetes, insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, enfermedad cerebrovascular, enfermedad renal crónica, enfermedad hepática crónica, cáncer, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, el asma y el VIH/SIDA pueden tener un mayor riesgo de muerte por Covid-19. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las comorbilidades infecciosas en la gravedad y mortalidad por Covid-19 especialmente asociadas con VIH/SIDA y tubercolosis, respodiendo a la siguiente pregunta: ¿La comunidad científica mundial se ha preocupado por la comorbilidad infecciosa en casos de covid-19 severos y fatales?. Un análisis hecho al grupo de referencias The Lancet Publishing Group fue realizado para dar repuesta a dicha pregunta(AU)


The number of total cases of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to rise rapidly, threatening thousands or millions of people with pre-existing chronic conditions who are disproportionately affected. As of 2020, the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center reported that worldwide more than 180 countries have been affected with COVID-19 with more than twelve million confirmed cases and more than 500,000 deaths. As research related to potential risk factors for mortality from COVID-19 continues, it becomes clear that people with underlying comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and HIV/AIDS may be at increased risk of death from COVID-19. The objective of this work is to determine the infectious comorbidities in severity and mortality from Covid-19, especially associated with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, answering the following question: Has the world scientific community been concerned about infectious comorbidity in covid-19 severe and fatal cases? An analysis made to the reference group The Lancet Publishing Group was carried out to answer this question(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Comorbidity , HIV Infections , Communicable Diseases/mortality , COVID-19/epidemiology , Meta-Analysis , Coinfection/epidemiology
2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3): 275-287, set-dez. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399039

ABSTRACT

Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, foram observadas manifestações atípicas em pacientes pediátricos em diversas regiões do mundo, e o conjunto desses sintomas caracterizou uma nova patologia denominada Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica em Crianças (MIS-C), ou Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica Temporariamente associada ao COVID-19 (PIMS- TS). O objetivo desta revisão foi analisar as manifestações clínicas e as possíveis complicações relacionadas a tal quadro inflamatório. Foi realizada uma busca por artigos científicos nas bases de dados Embase, PubMed e Web of Science, por meio da combinação dos descritores "MIS-C", "PIMS- TS" e "COVID-19". Após a análise dos artigos encontrados, e considerando critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 15 estudos para compor esta revisão. A maioria dos estudos mencionaram complicações gastrointestinais, cardiovasculares, respiratórias e mucocutâneas. Ademais, foram encontrados marcadores que indicavam estado inflamatório generalizado e coagulopatia. Assim, concluiu-se que MIS-C provavelmente é uma síndrome manifestada após a infecção por SARS-CoV-2, podendo ocasionar quadros mais graves, mas com baixas taxas de mortalidade.


During the COVID-19 pandemic, atypical manifestations were observed in pediatric patients in different regions of the world, and the set of these symptoms characterized a new pathology called Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), or Pediatric Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome Temporarily associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS). The purpose of this review was to analyze the clinical manifestations and possible complications related to such an inflammatory condition. A search for scientific articles was carried out in the databases Embase, PubMed and Web of Science, by combining the descriptors "MIS-C", "PIMS-TS" and "COVID-19". After analyzing the articles found, and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies were selected to compose this review. Most studies mentioned gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory and mucocutaneous complications. In addition, markers were found that indicated generalized inflammatory status and coagulopathy. Thus, it was concluded that MIS-C is probably a syndrome manifested after infection by SARS-CoV-2, which can cause more severe conditions, but with low mortality rates.


Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se observaron manifestaciones atípicas en pacientes pediátricos de diferentes regiones del mundo, y el conjunto de estos síntomas caracterizó una nueva patología denominada Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico en Niños (SMI-C), o Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico Pediátrico Asociado Temporalmente a COVID-19 (SIPM-TS). El propósito de esta revisión fue analizar las manifestaciones clínicas y las posibles complicaciones relacionadas con dicha condición inflamatoria. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos Embase, PubMed y Web of Science, combinando los descriptores "MIS-C", "PIMS- TS" y "COVID-19". Tras analizar los artículos encontrados, y teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 15 estudios para componer esta revisión. La mayoría de los estudios mencionaron complicaciones gastrointestinales, cardiovasculares, respiratorias y mucocutáneas. Además, se encontraron marcadores que indicaban un estado inflamatorio generalizado y coagulopatía. Así pues, se concluyó que el SMI-C es probablemente un síndrome que se manifiesta tras la infección por el SARS-CoV-2, que puede causar cuadros más graves, pero con bajas tasas de mortalidad.


Subject(s)
Child , Communicable Diseases/complications , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , COVID-19/complications , Patients , Libraries, Digital/statistics & numerical data , Fever/prevention & control , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/nursing
4.
Medisan ; 24(6) tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1143257

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los niños representan el futuro, y su crecimiento y desarrollo saludable deben ser una de las máximas prioridades para todas las sociedades, ellos son vulnerables frente a la malnutrición y enfermedades infecciosas, que son prevenibles o tratables en su gran mayoría, por lo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud crea estrategias para minimizar las causas que conspiren en contra de la salud de los niños y adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y longitudinal de los 4 109 niños mayores de 28 días de nacidos y menores de 14 años de edad con enfermedades infecciosas, atendidos en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Mohamed Boudiaf, de la provincia del Bayadh, en la República Popular y Democrática de Argelia, en el período 2017-2018. Objetivo: Caracterizar desde el punto de vista clinicoepidemiológico a los niños argelinos entre 28 días de nacidos y menores de 14 años de edad con enfermedades infecciosas. Resultados: Se obtuvo que 88,4 % de los integrantes del estudio padecieron de enfermedades infecciosas y 11,6 % no infecciosas; igualmente, los menores de un año y del sexo masculino fueron los que más enfermaron (58,0 %), en tanto, las enfermedades diarreicas agudas y las infecciones respiratorias resultaron ser las más frecuentes (48,0 y 32,0 %, respectivamente). Del total de pacientes, 3 607 evolucionaron favorablemente (99,8 %). Conclusiones: Las enfermedades infecciosas constituyen un problema de salud en Argelia que sigue aportando niños enfermos y fallecidos por esta causa; asimismo, las enfermedades diarreicas agudas y las infecciones respiratorias agudas son las principales causas de asistencia hospitalaria en la provincia del Bayadh, ocasionado por el destete precoz y la desnutrición, factores que contribuyen a que la morbilidad tenga una alta incidencia y la mortalidad sea baja, por lo que se debe prestar especial atención a los pacientes menores de 5 años, entre ellos a los menores de un año, que son los que enferman con mayor frecuencia.


Introduction: Children represent the future, so their healthy growth and development should be a priority for all societies, that is the reason why the Health World Organization creates strategies to minimize the causes that conspire against the health of children and adolescents. Methods: A descriptive and longitudinal study of the 4 109 children over 28 days and under 14 years with infectious diseases was carried out, who were assisted in the Pediatrics Service of Mohamed Boudiaf Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital, in the Bayadh province, Popular and Democratic Republic of Algeria, during 2017-2018. Objective: To characterize Algerian children with 28 days and under 14 years with infectious diseases from the clinical epidemiological point of view. Results: It was obtained that 88.4 % of the members in the study suffered from infectious diseases and 11.6 % suffered from non infectious diseases; equally, those under one year and from the male sex were the ones that mostly get ill (58.0 %), as long as, acute diarrheic diseases and breathing infections were the most frequent (48.0 and 32.0 %, respectively). Of the total of patients, 3 607 had a favorable clinical course (99.8 %). Conclusions: Infectious diseases constitute a health problem in Algeria that continues contributing to increase sick and dead children due to this cause; also, acute diarrheic diseases and acute breathing infections are the main causes of hospital assistance in Bayadh province, caused due to the early weaning and malnutrition, factors that contribute to the high incidence of morbidity and low mortality, reason why patients under 5 years should receive a special care, mainly those under one year who get sick with more frequency.


Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases/mortality , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Child , Child Health , Adolescent , Algeria
5.
Acta pediátr. hondu ; 11(1): 1151-1157, abr.- sept. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145423

ABSTRACT

Honduras reportó sus dos primeros casos de COVID-19 el 11 de marzo del 2020, actualmente reporta un total de 64, 352 casos confirmados con 2,006 fallecidos que estiman una tasa letalidad de 3.1%. La presencia de comorbilidades que debiliten el sistema inmune está asociado a un incremento en la severidad y mortalidad de la enfermedad, es por esto que se ha cuestionado si la infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana incrementa el riesgo de contagio y severidad del cuadro de la COVID-19 debido a la presencia de bajo recuento de células CD4. En Honduras para mayo del 2020 se registraron 38,291 casos de VIH acumulados de los cuales 2,086 corresponden a menores de 14 años. En el presente reporte se incluyeron 2 pacientes pediátricos con VIH coinfectados con COVID-19 tratados en el Hospital Nacional Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas (HNMCR) desde el inicio de la pandemia en marzo hasta septiembre del 2020. Ambos pacientes fueron hospitalizados por su estado clínico crítico y la necesidad de apoyo con oxígeno. Ambos pacientes recibían terapia antirretroviral, sin embargo, el paciente numero 2 presentaba mala adherencia y se encontraba con inmunosupresión severa y falleció 2 días posteriores a su ingreso hospitalario. En conclusión, una vez más sigue siendo importante la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en los niños con VIH con el fin de lograr la indetectabilidad en su carga viral mejorando su estado inmunológico, y evitando las infecciones oportunistas asociadas al VIH, así como también respondiendo adecuadamente a cualquier otra enfermedad...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Coinfection/mortality
7.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. Univ. Cuenca ; 37(3): 11-17, dic. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1100067

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: caracterizar la mortalidad por infecciones asociadas a la asisten-cia sanitaria (IAAS) en el Hospital Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Pinar del Río durante el año 2015.Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 278 pacientes fallecidos por infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria con necropsia realizada y datos completos en la historia clínica. Resultados: el 40.6% de pacientes presentó una estadía hospitalaria de 22 días y más. El 66.2% presentó una infección de localización respiratoria, siendo la neumonía nosocomial la principal causa de muerte. El 28.8% de los organismos aislados fueron Enterobacter ssp. El antibiótico más utilizado fue la Ciprofloxacino, con un 54.3% y el procedimiento invasivo más prevalente fue el cateterismo vesical (84.2%). Conclusiones las principales variables asociadas a la mortalidad por IAAS fueron la sobrestadía hospitalaria y el uso de catéter urinario. La infección de localización respiratoria fue la más frecuente con predominio de gérmenes gram negativos. Se evidenció un elevado uso de antibióticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Delivery of Health Care , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Mortality/trends , Delivery of Health Care/classification , Length of Stay
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(9): 968-977, set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-978786

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The long-term effect of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) and its integrated impact with competitive biddings have been seldom reported. Aim: To evaluate the long-term effect of an ASP on antimicrobial consumption, expenditure, antimicrobial resistance and hospital mortality. To estimate the contribution of competitive biddings on cost-savings. Material and Methods: A comparison of periods prior (2005-2008) and posterior to ASP initiation (2009 and 2015) was done. An estimation of cost savings attributable to ASP and to competitive biddings was also performed. Results: Basal median antimicrobial consumption decreased from 221.3 to 170 daily defined doses/100 beds after the start of the ASP. At the last year, global antimicrobial consumption declined by 28%. Median antimicrobial expenditure per bed (initially US$ 13) declined to US$ 10 at the first year (-28%) and to US$ 6 the last year (-57%). As the reduction in consumption was lower than the reduction in expenditure during the last year, we assumed that only 48.4% of savings were attributable to the ASP. According to antimicrobial charges per bed from prior and after ASP implementation, we estimated global savings of US$ 393072 and US$ 190000 directly attributable to the ASP, difference explained by parallel competitive biddings. Drug resistance among nosocomial bacterial isolates did not show significant changes. Global and infectious disease-associated mortality per 1000 discharges significantly decreased during the study period (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The ASP had a favorable impact on antimicrobial consumption, savings and mortality rates but did not have effect on antimicrobial resistance in selected bacterial strains.


Antecedentes: Existe poca información sobre el impacto a largo plazo de un programa de control de antimicrobianos (PCA) y su efecto combinado con licitaciones públicas de fármacos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un PCA sobre el consumo, gasto, mortalidad y estimar la contribución de las licitaciones. Material y Métodos: Comparación antes (2005-2008) - después (2009-2015) del PCA y estimación porcentual del ahorro atribuible al PCA y licitaciones. Resultados: El consumo bajó de 221,3 a 170 dosis diarias definidas por 100 días camas (medianas) al primer año. En el último año el consumo declinó un 27,6%. La mediana del gasto por cama ocupada se redujo de 13 a 10 US$ el primer año y a 6 US$ el último año (-57%). Debido a que el gasto bajó más que el consumo, estimamos que solo el 48,4% del ahorro fue debido al PCA (cuociente de ambas reducciones: −27,6%/-57%). De acuerdo con el gasto en antimicrobianos por cama entre ambos períodos, se calculó un ahorro global de 393.000 US$ y de 190.000 US$ directamente atribuible al PCA, siendo la diferencia explicada por licitaciones. Los porcentajes de resistencia en cepas de infecciones nosocomiales no mostraron incrementos o reducciones significativas en el tiempo y la mortalidad por egresos asociada a enfermedades infecciosas (Códigos CIE 10) se redujo significativamente (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El PCA se asoció a largo plazo a un impacto favorable sobre el consumo de antimicrobianos, gasto por antimicrobianos y egresos por enfermedades infecciosas sin un impacto en la resistencia antimicrobiana. Las licitaciones tuvieron un efecto aditivo en el ahorro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Competitive Bidding/economics , Communicable Diseases/economics , Antimicrobial Stewardship/economics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Chile/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Communicable Diseases/drug therapy , Hospital Mortality , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Antimicrobial Stewardship/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, General , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification
10.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 34(2)abr.-jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093436

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las estrategias de prevención comunitaria resultan básicas para alcanzar logros en salud y en especial en las tasas de mortalidad infantil, así como en las de morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades transmisibles. Objetivo: Sistematizar los resultados de investigaciones sobre estrategias de prevención de la leptospirosis a través de la participación comunitaria. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión documental, investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, se emplearon métodos teóricos: el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo. Conclusiones: La sistematización de la bibliografía especializada y las investigaciones realizadas sobre la temática de las estrategias de prevención para la leptospirosis humana con carácter integral participativo ha puesto de manifiesto suficientes elementos de juicio para efectuar apreciaciones en función de planear una estrategia educativa con fines preventivos fundamentada en las mejores experiencias de Cuba y del resto del mundo(AU)


Introduction: Community prevention strategies are basic to achieve positive health outcome, especially in infant mortality rates, as well as regarding morbidity and mortality for due to communicable diseases. Objective: To systematize research outcome on leptospirosis prevention strategies through community involvement. Methods: A documentary review was carried out, for a qualitative and descriptive research, theoretical methods were used: the historical-logical, the analytical-synthetic, and the inductive-deductive. Conclusions: The systematization of the specialized bibliography and the research carried out on the topic of human leptospirosis prevention strategies with a participatory holistic character has revealed enough elements of judgment to make appraisals in order to plan an educational strategy with preventive purposes based on the best experiences of Cuba and the rest of the world(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Community Participation , Leptospirosis/prevention & control
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(6): 1819-1828, jun. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952654

ABSTRACT

Resumo Apresenta-se a evolução da situação epidemiológica de algumas das principais Doenças transmissíveis (DT) no Brasil, assinalando as intervenções proporcionadas pelo SUS e outras políticas sociais. Dados e informações foram levantados do Datasus e Boletins epidemiológicos do Ministério da Saúde e de artigos científicos sobre o tema. A universalização, a descentralização e a ampliação das ações de vigilância, controle e prevenção de DT produziram impacto sobre a morbimortalidade dessas doenças, principalmente das imunopreveníveis. A emergência e reemergência de três arboviroses, para as quais não se dispõe de instrumentos de controle efetivos, interromperam a evolução decrescente no perfil de morbidade das DT no Brasil. Outros programas sociais e econômicos, voltados para a população brasileira mais carente, também contribuíram para a melhoria dos indicadores de saúde analisados. Contudo, a universalização do acesso aos serviços de atenção à saúde, ao lado do aperfeiçoamento do escopo de atuação da vigilância sobre doenças e riscos à saúde, vem desempenhando papel fundamental na melhoria das condições de saúde e qualidade de vida da população, bem como contribuindo para o processo de democratização do país.


Abstract This article presents the development of the epidemiological situation of some of the major communicable diseases (CD) in Brazil, with emphasis on the interventions by the SUS and other social policies. The data and information were collected from Datasus, epidemiological newsletters from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and scientific articles on the issue. The universalization, decentralization and expansion of the surveillance, control and prevention of CD has produced an impact on the morbidity and mortality of these diseases, mainly those which are vaccine-preventable. The emergence and re-emergence of three arboviruses, for which there are no effective control instruments, interrupted the downward trend in the morbidity profile of CD in Brazil. Other social and economic programs, which are geared to the needier sectors of the Brazilian population, have also contributed to the improvement of the analyzed health indicators. However, the universalization of access to healthcare services, as well as improvements in the scope of the surveillance of diseases and health risks, has played a key role in improving the health and quality of life of the population, as well as contributing to the process of the democratization of Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Quality of Life , Brazil/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Health Status Indicators , Health Policy , Health Services Accessibility
12.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2018. 111 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1428263

ABSTRACT

A tuberculose é uma das dez principais causas de morte dentre as doenças infecciosas no mundo, o que evidencia a doença como um problema de saúde pública. A redução da mortalidade por tuberculose em 95% até 2035, proposta pela Estratégia End TB, tem sido desafiadora para o Brasil devido sua extensão territorial, variações culturais e desigualdades na distribuição dos recursos de proteção social e de saúde. Assim, buscou-se analisar a relação espacial e espaço-temporal dos determinantes sociais e o risco de mortes por tuberculose em Cuiabá. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, realizado na cidade de Cuiabá, capital do estado de Mato Grosso. As unidades de análise do estudo foram as Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano (UDHs) e a população foi constituída por casos de óbitos que apresentaram como causa básica a TB registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) entre 2006 a 2016, residentes na zona urbana do município. Para identificação das áreas de risco das mortes por tuberculose, utilizou-se a estatística de varredura. Em seguida, recorreu-se à técnica da Análise de Componentes Principais que permitiu a elaboração das dimensões dos determinantes sociais. A associação entre os determinantes sociais e as áreas de risco das mortes por tuberculose foi obtida, por meio da regressão logística binária. As modelagens Bayesianas foram empregadas, por meio da abordagem Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA), para verificar os riscos relativos temporais e espaciais e avaliar sua a relação com covariáveis representativas dos determinantes sociais. Nesse período foram registradas 225 mortes por tuberculose, identificou-se aglomerado de risco para a mortalidade por tuberculose, com RR = 2,09 (IC95% = 1,48-2,94; p = 0,04). No modelo logístico, os determinantes sociais relacionados ao déficit escolar e pobreza estiveram associados ao aglomerado de risco de mortes por tuberculose (OR=2,92; IC95% = 1,17-7,28), a renda apresentou uma associação negativa (OR=0,05; IC95% = 0,00 - 0,70). O valor da curva ROC do modelo foi de 92,1%. Em relação aos modelos Bayesianos observou-se redução do risco de morte por tuberculose entre 2006 (RR=1,03) e 2016 (RR=0,98) e ainda áreas de risco que persistem por mais de uma década. Dentre os determinantes sociais, a renda foi um importante fator associado ao risco de morte por tuberculose, sendo que o aumento de um desvio padrão na renda correspondeu à diminuição de 31% no risco de mortalidade por tuberculose. Os resultados do estudo apontam que existe associação entre os determinantes sociais e o risco de mortalidade por tuberculose no município investigado, sendo este um fenômeno que persiste no tempo. O investimento em políticas públicas de melhoria de distribuição de renda pode favorecer a mudança dessa realidade. Espera-se que os achados possam nortear gestores e trabalhadores no âmbito local e regional


Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of death among infectious diseases in the world, which shows the disease as a public health problem. The reduction of tuberculosis mortality by 95% up to 2035, proposed by the End TB Strategy, has been challenging for Brazil due to its territorial extension, cultural variations and inequalities in the distribution of social protection and health resources. Thus, we sought to analyze the spatial and spatial-temporal relationship of social determinants and the risk of deaths from tuberculosis in Cuiabá.This is an ecological study conducted in the city of Cuiaba, capital of Mato Grosso. The units of analysis of the study were the Human Development Units (UDHs) and the population was constituted by cases of deaths that presented the basic cause of TB registered in the Mortality Information System (SIM) between 2006 and 2016, of the municipality.To identify the risk areas for tuberculosis deaths, the scan statistic was used. Next, we used the technique of Principal Component Analysis that allowed the elaboration of the dimensions of social determinants. The association between social determinants and risk areas for tuberculosis deaths was obtained through binary logistic regression. Bayesian modeling was used, through the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) approach, to verify temporal and spatial relative risks and to evaluate its relationship with covariables representative of social determinants. During this period, there were 225 deaths due to tuberculosis and a risk cluster was identified for tuberculosis mortality, with RR = 2.09 (IC95% = 1.48-2.94, p = 0.04). In the logistic model, the social determinants related to school deficit and poverty were associated with the risk cluster of deaths due to tuberculosis (OR = 2.92, IC95% = 1.17-7.28), income had a negative association (OR = 0.05, IC95% = 0.00 - 0.70). The value of the ROC curve of the model was 92.1%. In relation to Bayesian models, there was a reduction in the risk of death due to tuberculosis between 2006 (RR = 1.03) and 2016 (RR = 0.98), as well as risk areas that persisted for more than a decade. Among the social determinants, income was an important factor associated with the risk of death due to tuberculosis, and the increase of a standard deviation in the income corresponded to a 31% decrease in the risk of mortality due to tuberculosis. The results of the study indicate that there is an association between the social determinants and the risk of mortality due to tuberculosis in the municipality under investigation, which is a phenomenon that persists over time. Investment in public policies to improve income distribution may favor a change in this reality. It is hoped that the findings will guide managers and workers at local and regional levels


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis/mortality , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Risk Reduction Behavior , Spatial Analysis
13.
Autops. Case Rep ; 7(1): 23-30, Jan.-Mar. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-905125

ABSTRACT

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of suprabasal intra-epidermal blisters on the skin and mucosal surfaces. Infectious diseases are the main cause of death in patients with pemphigus due to the disrupture of the physiological skin barrier, immune dysregulation, and the use of immunosuppressive medications leaving the patient prone to acquire opportunistic infections. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris, who was irregularly taking prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil. She was hospitalized because of a 1-month history of watery diarrhea and oral ulcers. Unfortunately, the patient died suddenly on the ward. The autopsy revealed a bilateral saddle pulmonary embolism, Gram-positive cocci bronchopneumonia, and gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection, causing extensive gastrointestinal mucosal ulcers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Bronchopneumonia/pathology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Pemphigus/complications , Pemphigus/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/pathology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Autopsy , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Diarrhea , Fatal Outcome , Mycophenolic Acid , Oral Ulcer
14.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(2): 485-496, Fev. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-773559

ABSTRACT

Abstract In the wake of disasters, the lack of information on how to handle and dispose of corpses leads the professionals involved in emergency operations to uncertainty about associated risks and safety precautions. The article seeks to establish the risks of the etiologic agents involved in Brazilian mortality due to infectious diseases and identify and discuss the main protection measures for professionals involved in handling of corpses in disaster situations. It involved a survey of deaths by infectious diseases in Brazil between 2005 and 2010, using data from the Mortality Information System. Of the 171,223 deaths analyzed, the pathogens leading to the greatest number of deaths were: HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Trypanosoma cruzi. 59% belonged to risk class 3 and 40.6% to risk class 2. Eight deaths were caused by risk class 4 pathogens, which represent high risk. The professionals involved in the handling of corpses may be exposed to chronic risks, such as viruses transmitted via blood, gastrointestinal infections and tuberculosis. These findings indicate the importance of investment in the preparation of measures to reduce the risk of infection associated with the handling of corpses.


Resumo Após os desastres, a falta de informações claras sobre como gerenciar a disposição dos cadáveres, resultam em incertezas entre os profissionais envolvidos no atendimento emergencial, de quais são os riscos associados e as medidas de segurança no manejo dos corpos. O artigo objetiva determiner o risco dos agentes etiológicos envolvidos na mortalidade brasileira por doenças infecciosas, identificar e discutir as principais medidas de proteção para os profissionais envolvidos no manejo de cadáveres em situações de desastres. Levantamento dos óbitos por doenças infecciosas, no Brasil, de 2005 a 2010, utilizando-se os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Dos 171.223 óbitos analisados, os patógenos causadores de maior número de mortes foram: HIV, M. tuberculosis e T cruzi. Dos agentes, 59% pertencem à classe de risco 3 e 40,6% à classe 2. Oito óbitos identificados foram causados por patógenos da classe 4, que representam alto risco. Os profissionais envolvidos no manejo de corpos podem estar expostos aos riscos crônicos, como os vírus transmitidos pelo sangue, infecções gastrointestinais e tuberculose. Estes resultados demonstram a importância no investimento na elaboração de medidas para reduzir o risco de infecção associada ao manejo de cadáveres.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cadaver , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Disasters , Mortuary Practice , Tuberculosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Risk
16.
Weekly Epidemiological Monitor. 2016; 09 (13): 1
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-181722

ABSTRACT

The Ministry of Health [MoH] of Libya, with technical support from WHO, has successfully implemented an electronic early warning and alert response system [e-EAWRN] in Libya


Subject(s)
Humans , Population Surveillance , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Public Health/instrumentation
17.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 22(2): 337-353, Apr-Jun/2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-747132

ABSTRACT

Dos diversos males que infligiram o exército da Companhia das Índias Ocidentais em seus anos de atividade no Brasil, poucos podem ser comparados às doenças. São escassos, todavia, os dados quantitativos apresentados na historiografia para mostrar seu impacto nas tropas. Além dos índices de baixas por doença que ceifavam muitos militares, sabe-se pouco sobre os tratamentos médicos oferecidos, as principais doenças que atingiam a tropa e suas causas. Este artigo traz elementos que ajudam a compreender aspectos pouco trabalhados em termos quantitativos e sistemáticos pela historiografia e demonstra como as doenças afligiam a companhia e embaraçavam suas ações no território.


Of the many evils that were inflicted upon the army of the West India Company in its years of activity in Brazil, few could be compared to diseases. However, there is little quantitative data in the field of historiography regarding the impact of disease on these troops. Apart from the limited amount of information about the diseases that affected many soldiers, little is known about the medical treatments that were available, the main diseases that affected the troops, and what were the causes. This article provides information to understand aspects that have been little studied in quantitative and systematic terms in the field of historiography, and demonstrates how the diseases afflicted the Company and affected its actions in the territory.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 17th Century , Communicable Diseases/history , Deficiency Diseases/history , Military Personnel/history , Brazil/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Communicable Diseases/therapy , Deficiency Diseases/mortality , Deficiency Diseases/therapy , Military Medicine/history , Netherlands
18.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2015. 60 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-782551

ABSTRACT

A taxa de mortalidade por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias - DIP tem sofrido um acentuado declínio nos últimos anos, entretanto, verifica-se no Brasil que essas enfermidades ainda ocupam papel relevante entre as causas de morte, levando a um grande número de óbitos prematuros, o que justifica a utilização do indicador anos potenciais de vida perdidos. Esse indicador quantifica o número de anos de vida desperdiçados quando a morte ocorre prematuramente, ou seja, antes da idade média prevista (expectativa de vida ao nascer) para o local estudado. OBJETIVO: analisar a evolução da mortalidade por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no estado do Piauí e os anos potenciais de vida perdidos no período de 2001 a 2012. Os objetivos específicos foram: descrever a evolução da mortalidade por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no estado do Piauí por idade e por sexo; caracterizar a mortalidade por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias considerando as causas mais incidentes e as doenças negligenciadas; analisar os anos potenciais de vida perdidos por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. METODOLOGIA: foi realizado um estudo ecológico a partir dos dados do DATASUS, provenientes do sistema de informação de mortalidade - SIM. Os dados coletados foram referentes ao período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2012. Foram incluídos todos os óbitos por doença infecciosa e parasitária do capítulo I da 10ª revisão da classificação internacional de doenças. Foram descritas as DIP com maior taxa de mortalidade no período de estudo e as doenças negligenciadas mais relevantes no tocante à mortalidade no Piauí. Finalmente, foram calculados os anos potenciais de vida perdidos por essas morbidades, considerando 70 anos a expectativa de vida ao nascer...


The mortality rate from infectious and parasitic diseases - DIP has suffered a sharp decline in recent years, however, there is in Brazil that these diseases still occupy an important role among the causes of death, leading to a large number of premature deaths, which justifies the use of the indicator potential years of life lost. This indicator quantifies the number of years of wasted life when death occurs prematurely, in other words ,before the average expected age (life expectancy at birth) to the location studied. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution of mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases in the state of Piauí and the potential years of life lost from 2001 to 2012. The specific objectives were to describe the evolution of mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases in the state of Piauí by age and sex; characterize the mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases considering the most incident causes and neglected diseases; analyze the potential years of life lost due to infectious and parasitic diseases. METHODS: We performed an ecological study based on data from the DATASUS, from the mortality information system - SIM. The data collected were for the period from January 2001 to December 2012. We included all deaths from infectious disease and parasitic of Chapter I of the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. DIP been described with higher mortality rate during the study period and major neglected diseases in relation to mortality in Piauí. Finally, the potential years of life lost were calculated for these morbidities, considering 70 years life expectancy at birth...


Subject(s)
Humans , Parasitic Diseases/mortality , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Mortality Registries , Life Expectancy
19.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 35(2): 89-95, feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-710560

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of education and chronic and/or infectious disease, and the interaction between both variables, on the risk of dying among Mexicans 60 years and older. METHODS: Using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), logistic regressions were performed to estimate the risk of mortality for older Mexicans between 2001 and 2003. Estimated mortality risks associated with chronic disease, infectious disease, and a combination of both were used to estimate additional life expectancy at age 60. RESULTS: Compared to the group with some schooling, the probability of dying over the twoyear inter-wave period was 26% higher among those with no schooling. Not having at least one year of formal education translated into a shorter additional life expectancy at age 60 by 1.4-2.0 years. Having chronic and/or infectious disease also increased the risk of mortality during the same period CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that 1) a mixed epidemiological regime (the presence of both chronic and infectious disease) adds to the mortality health burden experienced by older people, and 2) there are persistent inequalities in mortality risks based on socioeconomic status.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos del nivel de educación y de las enfermedades crónicas o infecciosas, y de la interacción entre ambas variables, sobre el riesgo de muerte en mexicanos de 60 años o mayores. MÉTODOS: Mediante la utilización de datos del Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (ENASEM), se llevaron a cabo análisis de regresión logística para calcular el riesgo de mortalidad en mexicanos de 60 años o mayores entre el 2001 y el 2003. Se usaron los riesgos calculados de mortalidad asociada con enfermedades crónicas, enfermedades infecciosas y una combinación de ambas para calcular la esperanza de vida adicional a los 60 años. RESULTADOS: En comparación con el grupo con cierto grado de escolaridad, la probabilidad de muerte en el período de dos años entre las dos fases de recopilación de datos fue 26% mayor en las personas sin escolaridad. La carencia de como mínimo un año de educación formal se tradujo en una esperanza de vida adicional a los 60 años de 1,4 a 2,0 años más corta. La presencia de una enfermedad crónica o infecciosa también aumentó el riesgo de mortalidad durante el mismo período. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados indican que 1) un régimen epidemiológico mixto (la presencia de una enfermedad crónica y de una enfermedad infecciosa) incrementa la carga sanitaria en forma de mortalidad experimentada por las personas mayores y 2) siguen existiendo desigualdades en cuanto al riesgo de mortalidad basadas en el nivel socioeconómico.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chronic Disease/mortality , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Health Status Disparities , Educational Status , Life Expectancy , Mexico/epidemiology
20.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 18(1): 43-51, 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-715856

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El presente trabajo propone analizar la evolución y composición de la mortalidad de la población de 5-19 años en la República Argentina por causas evitables, teniendo en cuenta la atención diferencial que la misma ha recibido en relación a la que tiene lugar en las primeras edades. Material y método: Se utiliza fundamentalmente información producida por la Dirección de Estadística e Información de Salud (Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Argentina) y el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, a partir de la cual se calculan tasas específicas de mortalidad por sexo, edad quinquenal y grupos de causas definidos basadas en la combinación de distintas clasificaciones confeccionadas por el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados: Los principales resultados acusan un incremento de los niveles de mortalidad asociados a las causas evitables, lo que deriva, en algunos casos, en el aumento de su participación en el total de defunciones registradas, más acentuado en los varones entre 15 y 19 años. Asimismo, se observa un incremento en los niveles de mortalidad por accidentes de transporte, homicidios y suicidios. Conclusiones: No obstante los retrocesos que se detectan en la garantía de los derechos a la salud y a la vida de la población bajo estudio, cabe destacar la incipiente puesta en marcha de acciones estatales destinadas a revertir esta situación.


Objective: This paper aims to analyze the evolution and breakdown of mortality due to preventable causes in the population of 5-19 year olds in Argentina, given the relatively limited attention it has received compared to children under 5 years old. Material and Methods: Data produced by the Statistics and Health Information Office (Ministry of Health of the Nation, Argentina) and the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses are used to calculate mortality rates by sex, five-year age group and group of causes, which are constructed from the combination of different classifications generated by the Brazilian Unified Health System and the World Health Organization. Results: The main results show an increase in the levels of mortality associated with preventable causes. This is related to the increase of their proportion in the total number of deaths, which is more pronounced among 15-19 years old men. Also, there is an increase in mortality levels related to transportation accidents, homicides and suicides. Conclusions: Despite the setbacks in guaranteeing the rights to health and life of the population under study, there are recent state actions that attempt to reverse this situation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Mortality/trends , Age and Sex Distribution , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Argentina/epidemiology , Cause of Death , Chronic Disease/mortality , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Mortality , Mortality, Premature , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data
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